Journal of Abnormal Psychology Emotion Deficits in Schizophrenia: Timing Matters Ann M. Kring, Marja Germans Gard, and David E. Gard Online First Publication, November 8, 2010. doi: 10.1037/a0021402 1906-Present. The Comprehensive ICF-CS categories that were selected by fewer than 50% of psychologists mainly referred to simple activities such as d210 Undertaking a single task and d330 Speaking, whereas consensus was achieved for the equivalent more complex categories (e.g., d220 Undertaking multiple tasks). 1 January 2018 | The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B, Vol. This reflects the fact that schizophrenia has a major impact on everyday functioning in all these areas, and illustrates why the main long-term therapeutic goals in the psychological treatment of these individuals are not limited to specific symptoms, but rather focus on improving patients’ psychosocial functioning [32,33]. Consensus was achieved for 75.3% of the ICF categories included in the Comprehensive ICF-CS, and 100% of those in the Brief ICF-CS. Based on previous studies [14,20], consensus was defined as agreement among at least 75% of participants. Specifically, all the panelists who had responded in the first round were sent a list of the selected ICF categories linked to the responses of all participants, as well as a list of the categories proposed for Personal factors, along with their respective definitions. These results differ slightly from those obtained from the perspective of psychiatrists [14]. Software, Personal factors, such as resilience [36,37], premorbid cognitive skills [38], premorbid social skills [39], personal history and biography [40], premorbid drug use and lifestyle [41], and premorbid personality [42] have been considered to influence how people with schizophrenia cope with their illness. They were reminded that the aim was to obtain a final list that was both short enough to be applicable in clinical practice and sufficiently comprehensive to cover the most important needs of people with schizophrenia. here. Together, they accounted for 52.17% of the articles … Journal of Psychiatry, Autism-Open Access, Hereditary Genetics: Current Research, Schizophrenia Research, JAMA Psychiatry, The Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Schizophrenia Bulletin. Read full-text medical journal articles from Medscape's Schizophrenia Journal Articles. Introduction. For additional free resources (such as article summaries, podcasts, and more), please … No, Is the Subject Area "Employment" applicable to this article? Seventy-three of the 97 ICF categories that form the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for schizophrenia achieved consensus, and only three categories that yielded consensus do not feature in this Core Set. Two or more signs and symptoms from Criterion A must be present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated): (1) delusions, (2) hallucinations, (3) disorganized speech, e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence, (4) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, or (5) negative symptoms , i.e., affective flattening , alogia, o… This area is one of the main targets of psychological interventions such as cognitive remediation therapy (CRT), which aims to improve neurocognition and other functional outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia [23]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936, Editor: Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero, University of La Rioja, SPAIN, Received: January 26, 2019; Accepted: May 21, 2019; Published: June 6, 2019. Abstract Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder associated with impairment in functioning. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia involves multiple neurochemical pathways and brain circuits. Another key strength is its multidisciplinary approach, insofar as it provides a common language that can be used by all the professionals and healthcare disciplines involved in a person’s care. These results support the content validity of these ICF Core Sets from the perspective of psychologists. However, it has been suggested that the effects of CBTp in areas other than psychotic symptoms are at least as important and potentially benefit from the intervention. Yes For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click In order to be able to compare our findings with the ICF-CSs for schizophrenia, which comprise solely second-level categories, all third- and fourth-level categories identified in the Delphi process were aggregated to their corresponding second-level category. The research evidence for schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Citation: Nuño L, Guilera G, Coenen M, Rojo E, Gómez-Benito J, Barrios M (2019) Functioning in schizophrenia from the perspective of psychologists: A worldwide study. Although psychiatrists highlighted the importance of many categories from chapter b1 Mental functions, they also emphasized other categories from the Body functions component, such as b530 Weight maintenance functions or b765 Involuntary movement functions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Volume 129, Issue 8 (Nov 2020) Editor. Funding: This work was supported by Spain’s Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [grant PSI2015–67984-R], and by the Agency for the Management of University and Research Grants of the Government of Catalonia [grant 2017SGR1681]. As this category also reached consensus in the validation study from the perspective of psychiatrists it clearly reflects a problem area for these patients [28,29], and therefore its exclusion from the ICF-CS for schizophrenia should be reconsidered. ICF Research Branch, a cooperation partner within the WHO Collaborating Centre for the Family of International Classifications in Germany (at DIMDI), Munich, Germany, Affiliations Two health professionals with experience of treating persons with schizophrenia and trained in the use of the ICF independently linked all responses from the first Delphi round to the corresponding ICF categories. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that generally appears in late adolescence or early adulthood - however, it can emerge at any time in life. Following the methodology endorsed by the WHO [12], the ICF-CSs for schizophrenia have already been developed through a formal decision-making consensus process, integrating evidence from four preparatory studies and expert opinion [13]. The kappa coefficient for the linking process was .90 [95% CI: .88 - .92]. a 1st year psychology essay (Mark - 80%) Discover the world's research 19+ million members Twenty-nine categories from the Environmental factors component yielded agreement of at least 75%, and only one of them (e135 Products and technology for employment) is not included in the ICF-CS for schizophrenia. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-TRestablishes the clinical criteria for schizophrenia, with the foremost information concerning Criterion A . Therefore, the following analysis refers solely to the Comprehensive ICF-CS. The responses gathered in the first round were then linked to ICF categories using established ICF linking rules [16,17]. Data were collected between March and June 2017, with participants being allowed two weeks to respond in each round. These results suggest that psychologists ascribe considerable importance to the impact of environmental factors on the functioning of a person with schizophrenia, a point already made by other authors [34,35]. The specific symptoms that have been felt to characterize schizophrenia have varied widely over time and across cultures, as has the diagnostic and prognostic importance placed on these symptoms. Copyright: © 2019 Nuño et al. Agreement of 75% or higher was reached for 75.3% of the categories included in the Comprehensive ICF-CS for schizophrenia and for all the categories in the Brief version. No, Is the Subject Area "Clinical psychology" applicable to this article? Concerning the Body functions component, all the categories that yielded consensus belong to chapter b1 Mental functions. Although this wide range of symptoms can be present in different combinations[4], patients across the schizophrenia spectrum commonly experience impairments, limitations, and restrictions in major areas of functioning (such as education, work, interpersonal relations, or self-care). I have shared the major conclusions in my journal with the following first-person account of the psychological causes of my schizophrenia… The categories for which there was agreement in the third round were compared with the categories included in both the Brief and Comprehensive ICF-CSs. 19-39. Abstract. For each category, they were asked to indicate whether it was relevant from their perspective as a psychologist to the assessment and/or treatment of individuals with schizophrenia. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) offers a theoretical framework for assessing functioning and disability. Formal analysis, Methodology, e0217936. 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